The placenta : development, function and diseases / Richard Nicholson, editor.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Intro -- THE PLACENTA: DEVELOPMENT, FUNCTION AND DISEASES -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: An Overview of Development, Function, and Diseases of the Placenta -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Placental Development -- Placental Functions -- Placental Diseases -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Emerging Tasks of PAR1 and PAR2 in the Placenta Trophoblast Anchoring to the Uterus Deciduas -- Abstract -- Introduction -- PAR1 Expression in Human Placental Villi -- PAR1 and b-Catenin Stabilization in a Physiological Invasion Process: The Placenta Trophoblasts -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Leptin Action and Leptin Receptor Signaling in Human Trophoblasts -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Leptin Receptor Signaling in Placenta -- JAK/STAT Signal Transduction Cascade -- MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) Cascade -- The PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase) Pathway -- Sam68 (Src-Associated in Mitosis) -- Leptin Action in Placenta -- References -- Chapter 4: Immunology of Human Pregnancy: Transfer of Antibodies and Associated Placental Function -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Human Placenta -- Exploring Methods of Human Placental Function -- Placental Transport Mechanisms -- Transport of Immunoglobulin G and Its Subclasses across the Human Placenta -- Ex Vivo Investigations -- Immunologic Diseases of Human Pregnancy and Suggested Therapies -- The Potential of Stem Cells Derived from Human Placenta for Immunotherapy -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Effects of Maternal Nutrition Imbalance during Pregnancy on Outcome in Offspring -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Maternal Nutrition Disturbance and Its Adverse Outcome on Offspring Health -- Placental Transport Activity Associates the Maternal Nutrition Status with the Offspring Outcome.

Mechanisms for Maternal Nutrition to Influence Placental Programming of Disease in Offspring -- Nutritional Interventions for a Better Offspring Outcome -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Role of Placental Hypoxia, Oxidative Stress and Alcohol Exposure in Fetal Development -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Embryonic Development -- Functions of the Placenta -- Placenta and Oxidative Stress -- Peroxynitrite Mediates Lipid Oxidation and Nitration -- Apoptosis in the Placenta -- Fetal Development and Oxidative Stress -- Mother´S Alcohol Exposure and Pregnancy Hypertension -- Hypoxic Stress and Neuroactive Steroid Responses -- Rat Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Impaired Placentation -- Effect of Alcohol on Neural Crest Cells Apoptosis -- Effect of Alcohol on Embryo Brain Development and Behaviour -- Effect of Alcohol Exposure on Embryo Cardiac Development -- Effect of Alcohol Exposure on Embryo Liver Development -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: The Role of Nitric Oxide in Placental Function -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide in Normal Pregnancy -- Preeclampsia: Current Theories -- Potential Role of L-Arginine -- A Nitric Oxide Donor -- In PE Prevention -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: HCG and Hyperglycosylated HCG, Promoters of Villous Placenta and Hemochorial Placentation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- References -- Chapter 9: Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors during Pregnancyand Their Potential HealthEffects on Newborns -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Placental Transport of Environmental Toxicants -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Placenta -- Transport of Substances throughHuman Hemochorial Placenta -- Human Placental Transfer Models.

Placental Transfer of Environmental Toxicants -- Methods -- BeWo B30 Clone Monolayer Cell Transfer Model -- Results -- Effect of Carrier Molecule Albuminon 14C-Bap Placental Transport -- Discussion -- Placental Transport of Halogenated Molecules -- Causes of Variation in Placental Perfusion Model -- BeWo Cell Transfer vs. Placental Transfer -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Placental Toxicology of Organic Pollutants -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. POPs: Characteristics, Sources of Environmental Exposure and Effects -- 3. Factors Influencing POPs Accumulation in the Placenta -- 4. Foundations of POPs Toxicity in the Placenta -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 12: The Placental ReninAngiotensin System -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Renin-Angiotensin System -- Identification of Placental RAS Gene Expression -- Expression and Localization ofRAS Proteins in the Placenta -- Regulation of the Expressionand Activity of the Placental RAS -- Functions of the Placental RAS -- The Placental Renin-AngiotensinSystem and Its Role(S) in Preeclampsiaand Intrauterine Growth Restriction -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13: Relationship between Placenta-Preeclampsia and the Long Term Clinical Outcome in Adult Offspring -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Fetal Programing -- Placental Coagulable State -- Placental Vascularization -- High-Altitude Hypoxia and Preeclampsia -- Placental Transport of Amino Acids -- Maternal Fetal Nutrition and Adult Life Diseases -- Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids-Placenta and Maternal Nutrition -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Mitochondrial ATP-Diphosphohydrolase and Steroidogenesis in the Human Placenta -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Architecture of Human Placental Mitochondria -- ATP-Induced Oxygen Uptake by Syncytiotrophoblast Mitochondria.

Kinetic Analysis of ATP-Diphosphohydrolase Activity -- Role of ATP-Diphosphohydrolase in Progesterone Synthesis -- Syncytiotrophoblast metabolism and the Mitochondria -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 15: Characterization and ClinicalApplication of Mesenchymal StemCells Derived from Placenta -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Isolation and Characterizationof MSC Derived from Placenta -- Differentiation Potential -- Applications -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16: The Role of the Primate Placentain Term and Preterm Parturition -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.

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