Microlitter in sewage treatment systems : a Nordic perspective on waste water treatment plants as pathways for microscopic anthropogenic particles to marine systems.
Material type:
TextPublication details: Copenhagen : Nordic Council of Ministers, 2016.Description: 1 online resource (59 pages)Content type: - text
- computer
- online resource
- 9789289344913
- 9289344911
- 9789289344920
- 928934492X
- 628.3 23
- TD745
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Print version record.
Preface ; Summary ; 1. Introduction ; 2. Background ; 3. STPs included in the study ; 3.1 Swedish STPs and STP recipient water ; 3.2 Finnish STPs and STP recipient water ; 3.3 Icelandic STPs and STP recipient water ; 4. Sampling of microlitter ; 4.1 Sampling of microlitter in STP waste water ; 4.2 Sampling of microlitter in the STP recipients ; 4.2.1 Sampling of water ; 4.2.2 Sampling of sediments ; 4.2.3 Sampling of biota ; 5. Pretreatment of samples ; 5.1 Water samples from STPs and from STP recipients ; 5.2 Sediment from recipients ; 5.3 Biota from recipients.
6. Analyses of microlitter 7. Results on microlitter in STP waste water ; 7.1 Abundance of microlitter in influent and effluent water ; 7.2 Retention efficiency ; 8. Results on microlitter in STP recipient water ; 8.1 Microlitter in surface water ; 8.2 Microlitter in sediment ; 8.3 Microlitter in biota ; 8.4 FTIR analyses of microparticles ; 9. Discussion ; 9.1 Microlitter in STP influent and effluent water ; 9.2 Microlitter in the STP recipient waters ; 9.3 Conclusion ; 10. Acknowledgements ; 11. References ; 12. Sammanfattning.
Includes bibliographical references.
The report presents results from a study on the role municipal sewage treatment plants (STPs) have as entrance routes for microplastics and other microlitter particles to the marine environment. Microlitter concentrations were analysed in waste water before and after treatment in the STPs, and in the recipient waters where the treated waste water is discharged. Municipal waste water was found to contain a substantial amount of microlitter, but in STPs equipped with chemical and biological treatment most of the litter particles were retained in the sewage sludge. This reduces the impact on the recipient water, but if the sludge is used as fertilizer on farm land the microlitter will still reach the environment. Efforts to reduce the microlitter concentrations should therefore preferably be done in households and other locations where the waste water is originally being formed.
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