Democratic Reform in Japan.

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Title page; copyright page; Contents; Tables and Figures; Figure 2.1 Percentage of Seats Gained in House of Representatives Elections, 1996, 2000, and 2003; Figure 2.2 Percentage of Total Seats Gained by Type of Seat in the 2003 Election; Figure 2.3a Percentage of Seats Gained by Party in the 2005 Election, Single-member District vs. Proportional Representation; Figure 2.3b Number of Seats Gained by Party in the 2005 Election, Single-member District vs. Proportional Representation; Figure 2.4 LDP vs. DPJ Votes Obtained in Tokyo Single-member Districts, Election Years 2000, 2003, and 2005.

Figure 3.1 Politicians' Evolving Campaign Behavior, 1993, 1996, and 2000Figure 3.2 Scale for Direct Mobilization Strategy and Indirect Mobilization Strategy; Figure 4.1 Proportional Changes of Second-generation Members of the House of Representatives Among Parties, 1958-2000; Table 4.1 Victory Rates for Hereditary vs. Nonhereditary Politicians, 1990-2003; Figure 4.2 Victory Rates for Second-generation Candidates Running for the First Time (percentage); Table 4.2 Ministerial Experience and LDP Candidates' Performance in the 1996 Lower House Election.

Table 4.3 The Effect of First- and Second-generation Politicians on the Revenue of Local GovernmentsTable 4.5 Measuring the Impact of Hereditary Seats; Figure 5.1 Voters' Perceptions of Parties' Ideologies vs. Position of Median Voter, 1967, 1983, and 1996; Figure 5.2 Lower House Diet Members' Ideological Self-placements, 1998-2005 (party average); Figure 5.3 Lower House Diet Members' Ideological Self-placements, 2005; Figure 5.4 Percentage of Citizens Who Consider Policy Issues in Their Vote Choice; Figure 5.5 LDP and DPJ Politicians' Policy Preferences, 2003.

Figure 5.6 Coding and Sources of VariablesTable 5.1 Influences on Voting, 1986, 1996, and 2003; Figure 7.1 Women's Representation on Subnational Assemblies; Table 7.1 Women's Representation on Subnational Assemblies, by Prefecture; Table 7.2 Percentage of Seats Won by Opposition Parties vs. Women in the House of Representatives; Table 7.3 Percentage of Seats Won by Opposition Parties vs. Women in the House of Councilors; Figure 7.2 Women Elected by Proportional Representation vs. Multimember Districts in the House of Councilors.

Figure 7.3 Opposition Party Victories by Proportional Representation vs. Multimember Districts in the House of CouncilorsFigure 8.1 Prefectural Assembly Election Closeness Ratios, by Election Cycle; Table 8.1 Percentage of Uncompetitive and Competitive Districts, by Number of Viable Losers; Table 8.2 DPJ and LDP Shares of Prefectural Assemblies After the April 2007 Elections; Figure 8.2 Simulation: More Underdogs in a District Yield More Viable Candidates; Figure 8.3 Strongest Underdogs Given Random Distributions of Expected Votes; Figure 8.4 Simulated District Closeness Ratios.

Figure 8.5 Simulated District Closeness Ratios Given One Sincere Entrant.

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