The gender challenge of Hebrew / by Malka Muchnik.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

The Gender Challenge of Hebrew is the first book to delve in depth into gender representation over the 3,000-year history of Hebrew. Malka Muchnik analyses the grammatical characteristics of gender, reveals social and cultural issues reflected, and presents challenges for achieving change.

Machine generated contents note: 1. Introduction -- Language and Gender as a Cultural and Social Problem -- Initial Studies on Language and Gender -- Is Gender a Grammatical or Semantic Issue? -- Symbolization and Language Organization -- Gender Markedness -- Gender Markedness in Natural Languages -- Gender Markedness in Constructed Languages -- Grammatical Gender in Hebrew -- Feminine Markedness and Derivation -- Grammatical Gender of Animate and Inanimate Nouns -- Grammatical Gender of Numerals -- Semantic Impact on Gender -- Language and Gender Representation -- Gender and Brain Representation -- Gender and the Speech Community -- Language and Gender Research -- Linguistic Changes in Gender -- 2. Language and Gender in Classical Hebrew -- General Remarks -- Gender in the Bible -- Men and Women's Representation in Biblical Terms -- Women's Status in the Bible -- Women and Leadership in the Bible -- Gender Proverbs in the Bible -- Grammatical Gender in Biblical Hebrew -- Gender Shifting of Pronouns and Inflected Prepositions -- Gender Shifting of Verbs, Participles and Copulas -- Gender Shifting and Special Cases of Nouns -- Differences in Forms of Address -- Gender in Mishnaic Times -- Grammatical Gender in Mishnaic Hebrew -- Women's Status in Mishnaic Period -- Mishnaic Stories about Women -- Gender in the Middle Ages -- Grammatical Gender in Medieval Hebrew -- Women's Status in Medieval Times -- 3. Language, Gender and Religion -- Men and Women in Judaism -- Women and the Study of Religious Texts -- Expectation for Women to Remain Silent -- Jewish Women's Status Over the Course of Time -- Linguistic Terms for Religious Functions -- Jewish Ceremonies -- Birth Ceremonies and Prayers -- Bar Mitzvah and Bat Mitzvah Ceremonies -- Wedding Ceremony -- Special Religious Texts for Women -- Religious Texts Written by Women -- Feminist Changes in Judaism -- Language Changes in Liturgical Texts -- Blessing for Not Being Created a Woman? -- Adding the Names of the Matriarchs -- Alternative Names for God -- Mentioning Women in Ceremonies -- 4. Gender in Modern Literature and Language -- First Women Writers in Hebrew -- Special Female Genres and Style -- Special Women's Literature? -- Women Writers in Israel -- Hebrew Revitalization and Gender -- Father Tongue or Mother Tongue? -- Women Writers Entering the Canon -- Gendered Language in Literature -- Social Reasons for Linguistic Differences -- Gender Distinctions in Hebrew -- Gender in the Number System -- Gender in Animal Names -- Androcentric Generics -- Gender Saliency and Discrepancy -- Gender Perceptions in the Language -- Gender and Metaphoric Uniqueness -- Stereotypes Reflected in the Language -- Popular Gendered Expressions -- 5. Gender Changes in the Language -- Language Change or Social Change? -- Different Types of Linguistic Changes -- Applying Linguistic Changes -- Changes in Constructed Languages -- Grammatical Changes in Hebrew -- Changes in Forms of Address -- Morphological Changes -- Lexical and Semantic Changes -- Changes in Professional and Occupational Titles -- Masculine Use for Female Occupations -- Masculine Fixed Expressions in Hebrew -- Gender Use in Proper Names -- Gender Changes in Proper Names -- Switching Linguistic Gender -- Language, Gender and Sexuality -- Hebrew Terms Referring to Homosexuality -- 6. Summary and Conclusions -- Problem of Language and Gender -- Gender Problem in Hebrew -- Gender in Hebrew throughout History -- Gender Representation in Judaism -- Gender in Modern Language and Literature -- Gender Changes in Modern Hebrew -- Conclusions.

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