Translation universals : do they exist? / edited by Anna Mauranen, Pekka Kujamäki.

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Print version record.

Translation Universals -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- References -- Part 1. Conceptualising universals -- Probabilistic explanations in translation studies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Universals should not be sought on too concrete a level -- 3. Universals shouldn't be sought on too high a level either -- 4. Would the presence of s̀̀hifts'' constitute a universal? -- 5. Probabilistic thinking in translation studies -- 6. The format of a conditioned statement in translation studies -- 7. Drawing some conclusions -- Notes -- References.

Beyond the particular* -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The prescriptive route -- 3. The pejorative route -- 4. The descriptive route -- Note -- References -- When is a universal not a universal? -- 1. Introduction: universals and DTS -- 2. Methodological issues in corpus-based DTS -- 3. Issues in translation corpus design and construction: the CEXI example -- 3.1. Preliminary norms 1: non-fiction -- 3.2. Preliminary norms 2: fiction -- 4. Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Part 2. Large-scale tendencies in translated language -- Corpora, universals and interference -- 1. Introduction.

2. Interference and its manifestations -- 3. Interference or transfer -- is there a difference? -- 4. The Corpus of Translated Finnish -- 5. Comparing the corpora -- 6. Findings -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Untypical frequencies in translated language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. From norms to laws -- 3. Use of referative, temporal and final constructions in translated and non-translated texts -- 3.1. Data -- 3.2. Results -- 4. Discussion -- References -- Untypical patterns in translations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synonyms and the study of translations.

2.1. Earlier studies on synonymity in translations -- 2.2. Lexical and grammatical patterning of synonyms -- 3. Methodology and data of the present study -- 3.1. Three-Phase Comparative Analysis (TPCA): a corpus-based method for investigating the impact of a source language in translations -- 3.2. Statistical procedures employed to analyse the similarity and difference -- 4. Quantitative analysis of the three most frequent boosters across corpora -- 5. Lexical associations of synonymous modifiers hyvin, kovin and oikein -- 6. Further analysis: grammatical associations of hyvin -- 7. Discussion.

Notes -- References -- Part 3. Testing the basics -- Translation-specific lexicogrammar? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Material, aim and method -- 3. Results -- 4. Summary and conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Explicitation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Background -- 2.1. Explicitation -- 2.2. Definitions and hypotheses -- 3. Methods -- 3.1. Selection, structure and size of the corpus -- 3.2. Methods -- 4. Results and discussion -- 4.1. The explicitation strategies -- 4.2. Shifts in explicitness -- 4.3. Type/token ratio in the comparable corpus -- 5. Conclusions -- Appendix 1 -- Appendix 2 -- References.

Translation universals is one of the most intriguing and controversial topics in recent translation studies. Can we discover general laws of translation, independent of the particularities of individual translations? Research into this is new: serious empirical work only began in the late nineties. The present volume offers the state of the art on the issue. It includes theoretical discussion on alternative conceptualisations and new distinctions around the basic concepts. Several papers test hypotheses on universals in the light of recent work in different languages, and some suggest new ones.

English.

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