Environmental impacts of wind-energy projects / Committee on Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects, Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, Division on Earth and Life Studies, National Research Council of the National Academies.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 219-266).

Print version record.

Committed to retain 2020 pda UkLeU

1.Introduction -- Generating Electricity from Wind Energy -- The Present Study -- Developing an Analytical Framework -- Temporal and Spatial Scales of Analysis -- Understanding and Assessing Cumulative Environmental Effects -- Organization of the Report -- 2.Context for Analysis of Effects of Wind-Powered Electricity Generation in the United States and the Mid-Atlantic Highlands -- Estimating the Environmental Benefits of Generating Electricity from Wind Energy -- Wind Energy Globally -- Quantifying Wind-Energy Benefits in the United States and the Mid-Atlantic Highlands -- Conclusions -- 3.Ecological Effects of Wind-Energy Development -- Chapter Overview -- Introduction -- Bird Deaths in Context -- Turbines Cause Fatalities to Birds and Bats -- Bird and Bat Fatalities -- Wind-Energy Projects Alter Ecosystem Structure -- Projected Cumulative Impacts of Bird and Bat Fatalities: A Working Hypothesis -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- 4.Impacts of Wind-Energy Development on Humans -- Introduction -- Aesthetic Impacts -- Cultural Impacts -- Impacts on Human Health and Well-Being -- Local Economic and Fiscal Impacts -- Electromagnetic Interference -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- General Conclusions and Recommendations -- 5.Planning for and Regulating Wind-Energy Development -- Guidelines for Wind-Energy Planning and Regulation -- Regulation of Wind-Energy Development -- Framework for Reviewing Wind-Energy Proposals -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- A.About the Authors -- B.Emission Rates for Electrical Generation -- C.Methods and Metrics for Wildlife Studies.

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