Countering the new terrorism / Ian O. Lesser [and others] ; forword by Brian Michael Jenkins.

"Prepared for the United States Air Force."

"Project Air Force."

"MR-989-AF"--Page 4 of cover.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

The contours of terrorism are changing, and the new terrorism has more diverse sources, motivations, and tactics than the old. It is more lethal, global in reach, and characterized by network forms of organization. Terrorist sponsorship is becoming hazier and "privatized." The August 1998 terrorist bombings of U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania fit in many ways the new mold. The chapters in this book trace the evolution of international terrorism against civilian and U.S. military targets, look ahead to where terrorism is going, and assess how it might be contained. Terrorism and counterterrorism are placed in strategic perspective, including how terrorism might be applied as an asymmetric strategy by less-capable adversaries. The report builds on a existing body of RAND research on terrorism and political violence, and makes extensive use of the RAND-St. Andrews Chronology of International Terrorism.

Print version record.

Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Foreword: Brian Michael Jenkins; Preface; Contents; Figures and Table; Acknowledgments; Chapter One -- Introduction: Ian O. Lesser; Changing Terrorism in a Changing World; Study Approach and Structure; Chapter Two -- Terrorism Trends and Prospects: Bruce Hoffman; Introduction; Trends In Terrorism; Terrorism's Changing Characteristics; Terrorism's Increasing Lethality; Terrorist Tactical Adaptations Across the Technological Spectrum and Their Implications; Force Protection: The Example of IRA Targeting of British Forces in Northern Ireland

Implications for Antiterrorism and Force ProtectionConclusion; Chapter Three -- Networks, Netwar, and Information-Age Terrorism: John Arquilla, David Ronfeldt, and Michele Zanini; A New Terrorism (with Old Roots); Recent Views About Terrorism; The Advent of Netwar-Analytical Background; Definition of Netwar; More About Organizational Design; Caveats About the Role of Technology; Swarming, and the Blurring of Offense and Defense; Networks Versus Hierarchies: Challenges for Counternetwar; Middle Eastern Terrorism and Netwar; Middle Eastern Terrorist Groups: Structure and Actions

Middle Eastern Terrorist Groups and the Use of Information TechnologySummary Comment; Terrorist Doctrines-The Rise of a "War Paradigm"; The Coercive-Diplomacy Paradigm; The War Paradigm; The New-World Paradigm; The Paradigms and Netwar; Information-Age Terrorism and the U.S. Air Force; Toward a New USAF Strategy for Coping with Information-Age Terrorism; Mitigation Measures; Proactive Counterterrorism and the USAF; Targeting Terrorists in the Information Age; Policy Implications and Conclusions for the USAF; Chapter Four -- Countering the New Terrorism: Ian O. Lesser; Introduction

Understanding and Countering the "New" TerrorismTerrorism in Strategic Context; The Terrorist Threat to U.S. Interests: Four Dimensions; Direct Threats; Indirect Attacks Affecting U.S. Interests; Systemic Consequences; Terrorism in the War Paradigm; Changing Definitions of Security; Terrorism and the Conflict Spectrum; Future Terrorism Geopolitics; Implications for the Future; The Lessons and Relevance of Counterterrorism Experience; U.S. Experience: A Mixed Legacy; The United Kingdom Experience; The French Experience; The Israeli Experience

Allied Perspectives on Terrorist Challenges Facing the United StatesLessons of the Allied Experience; Conceptualizing National Counterterrorism Strategy; Core Strategy; Environment Shaping; Hedging Strategy; Conclusions; Overall Observations; Implications for Military Strategy and the U.S. Air Force; Index

English.

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