Mysterious spheres on Greek and Roman ancient coins / Raymond V. Sidrys.

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 224-232) and index.

Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents Page -- Chapter 1 -- INTRODUCTION -- Chapter 2 -- SUN DISK IMAGES IN ANCIENT CULTURES -- Sun Symbols of Ancient Greeks -- Chapter 3 -- GREEK CONCEPTS OF CELESTIAL AND TERRESTRIAL SPHERES -- The Celestial Sphere -- The Terrestrial Sphere (or Globe) -- Chapter 4 -- EARLY GREEK COINS WITH FEW SPHERE SYMBOLS (520 BC -- 76 BC) -- Archaic Period -- Classical Period -- Hellenistic Period -- Spheres in Ancient Greek Art -- Chapter 5 -- PRIOR RESEARCH ON ROMAN COIN SPHERE SYMBOLS -- Chapter 6 -- ASTROLOGICAL/ASTRONOMICAL SPHERE SYMBOLS MOVE TO ROME

Astrology Moves to Rome -- Greek Oikoumene transfers into Latin Orbis Terrarum -- Did coin reverse legends use terms for Universe and Earth? -- Chapter 7 -- WINGED VICTORY VS. SPHERE SYMBOLS ON ROMAN COINS -- The Winged Victory type -- early symbol of Roman domination, but without a sphere -- Percentage frequencies of the Victory and Sphere symbols -- Were Sphere symbols valued during the growth of the Early Roman Empire? -- Chapter 8 -- FIRST SPHERES ON LATE REPUBLICAN COINAGE (76 BC -- 31 BC) -- Cn. Lentulus Denarius -- first Sphere on Republican Roman coinage

Spheres on Republican coin reverses (76-31 BC) -- Adjunct features associated with sphere reverses on Late Republican coins -- Chapter 9 -- SPHERES FREQUENT ON ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE -- Gradual use of Imperial Roman sphere reverses (30 BC -- AD 260) -- Julio-Claudian Era, from Augustus to Vitellius (30 BC-AD 69) -- Flavian Dynasty and Trajan's peak of Imperial expansion (AD 69-117) -- Hadrian and Antonine Dynasty (AD 117-192) -- Severan Dynasty (AD 193-235) -- Military anarchy and collapse of order (AD 235-260) -- ROMAN PROVINCIAL COIN SPHERES (44 BC -- AD 297)

AN AGE OF COIN SPHERE REVERSES: HIGHEST QUANTITY ISSUED (AD 260 -- 337) -- 'First Age of Spheres': AD 260-337 -- CONSTANTINE'S BEATA TRANQVILLITAS SPHERE REVERSE (AD 321 -- 324) -- CONSTANTINE'S SUCCESSORS FOCUS ON SPHERE OBVERSES (AD 337 -- 364) -- Decline of spheres on reverses: Constantinian dynasty of relatives, AD 337-364 -- ANOTHER 'AGE OF COIN SPHERE REVERSES': HIGHEST PERCENTAGE ISSUED (AD 364 -- 476) -- 'Second age of spheres': AD 364-476 -- Chapter 10 -- CHRONOLOGICAL TRENDS FOR TOP COIN SPHERE IMAGES -- Chapter 11 -- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS -- Chapter 12 -- APPENDICES

METHODOLOGY FOR LIST OF SPHERE REVERSES -- LATE REPUBLICAN COINAGE SAMPLE FOR 76 BC -- 31 BC -- IMPERIAL COIN TYPES EXCLUDED FROM THE LIST OF SPHERE REVERSES -- Sphere images on obverses -- Empresses and female relatives -- Consecration types for recently deceased Emperors -- Commemorative types for past rulers and city capitals -- Medallion coins -- EPILOGUE: AFTER WESTERN IMPERIAL ROMAN COINS, THE LONG TRADITION OF SPHERES CONTINUES -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- NUMISMATIC CATALOGUES -- NUMISMATIC LITERATURE -- GREEK AND ROMAN CIVILIZATIONS -- ANCIENT ASTRONOMY AND ASTROLOGY

ANCIENT BABYLONIAN AND EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATIONS.

This book is not a standard coin catalogue, but it focuses on quantities and percentages of the mysterious 5950 sphere images on Roman coin reverses, and a few Greek coins. This research identifies political, cultural, religious and propaganda trends associated with the coin sphere images, and offers a variety of new findings.

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