Organized crime : aspects and globalized elements / Frederick B. Hall and Francis C. Martin, editors.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

In the last two decades, organised crime has grown more complex, posing evolving challenges for U.S. federal law enforcement. These criminals have transformed their operations in ways that broaden their reach and make it harder for law enforcement to combat them. They have adopted more-networked structural models, internationalised their operations, and grown more tech savvy. They are a significant challenge to U.S. law enforcement. This text examines a broad conceptualisation of organised crime in its narrative discussion of criminal activity.

ORGANIZED CRIME: ASPECTS AND GLOBALIZED ELEMENTS; ORGANIZED CRIME: ASPECTS AND GLOBALIZED ELEMENTS; CONTENTS; PREFACE; Chapter 1 ORGANIZED CRIME: AN EVOLVING CHALLENGE FOR U.S. LAW ENFORCEMENT; SUMMARY; INTRODUCTION; ORGANIZED CRIME ADAPTING TO GLOBALIZATION; Borders and Organized Crime; Copycats and Smugglers; Drug Trafficking; Money Laundering; Organized Crime and Technological Change; Mass Marketing Fraud; Cyberspace, Electronic Information, and Organized Crime; Online Identity Theft and Sophisticated Credit Card Fraud; Organized Retail Crime and Online Fencing.

Bulk Narcotics Smuggling and TechnologyCross-Border Tunnels; Exploitation of Ethnic Diaspora Communities; Changing Structures; Network Models; Corruption; "Ground-Level" Exploitation of Private Businesses; Big Business and Organized Criminals; Corruption of Public Officials; ORGANIZED CRIME, A "NATIONAL SECURITY" AND "PUBLIC SECURITY" CONCERN; Conceptualizing Organized Crime; Transnational Organized Crime Defined; Statutory Definition; ISSUES; Defining Organized Crime in Statute; Congressional Commission; Incentives for Investigating Organized Crime.

Implementing the National Strategy to Combat TOCCoordination of Domestic Efforts; End Notes; Chapter 2 ORGANIZED RETAIL CRIME; SUMMARY; INTRODUCTION; CHALLENGES IN DEFINING ORGANIZED RETAIL CRIME; Federal Definition; OPERATION OF ORGANIZED RETAIL CRIME GROUPS; Targeted Products; Methods Used by Boosters; Employee Collusion; Fraud Schemes; Cargo Theft; Methods Used by Fences; Impact of Globalization and Technology; DOMESTIC IMPACT OF ORGANIZED RETAIL CRIME; Economic Impact: A Lack of Consensus; Public Health and Safety Risks; Potential Links to Terrorism; DOMESTIC EFFORTS TO COMBAT ORC.

RetailersOnline Marketplaces; Federal Law Enforcement; Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE); U.S. Secret Service (USSS); U.S. Postal Inspection Service (USPIS); ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION; Are Retailers Doing Enough?; Federally Criminalizing ORC; Regulation of Online and Physical Marketplaces; End Notes; Chapter 3 MEXICO'S DRUG TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATIONS: SOURCE AND SCOPE OF THE RISING VIOLENCE; SUMMARY; INTRODUCTION; Mexico's Strategy; Congressional Concerns; BACKGROUND ON DRUG TRAFFICKING IN MEXICO; MEXICO'S MAJOR DRUG TRAFFICKING ORGANIZATIONS.

DTO Fragmentation, Competition, and DiversificationCHARACTERISTICS OF THE INCREASED VIOLENCE; Casualty Estimates in Context and for Special Populations; Locations of the Violence and Its Impact on Tourism and Business; MEXICO'S ANTIDRUG STRATEGY AND REACTION; TRENDS AND OUTLOOK; APPENDIX. COMPARING MEXICO AND COLOMBIA; End Notes; Chapter 4 STRATEGY TO COMBAT TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME: ADDRESSING CONVERGING THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; I. INTRODUCTION; II. TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME: A GROWING THREAT TO NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY.

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