Medical biochemistry / Antonio Blanco, Gustavo Blanco.

Print version of record.

"Elsevier science & technology books."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Medical biochemistry is supported by over forty years of teaching experience, providing coverage of basic biochemical concepts, including the structure and physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides in a straightforward and easy to comprehend language. The book develops these concepts into the more complex aspects of biochemistry using a systems approach, dedicating chapters to the integral study of biological phenomena, including particular aspects of metabolism in some organs and tissues, and the biochemical bases of endocrinology, immunity, vitamins, hemostasis, and apoptosis. Integrates basic biochemistry principles with molecular biology and molecular physiology.

Cover -- Title page -- Copyright page -- Dedication -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Preface -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- Chemical Composition of Living Beings -- Biogenic elements -- Biological compounds -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2 -- Water -- The water molecule is polar -- Hydrogen bond -- Water as solvent -- Water as an electrolyte -- Equilibrium constant -- Equilibrium of water ionization -- Acids and bases -- Acids and bases strength -- pH -- Buffers -- Titration curve of acids andbases -- Appendix -- Expression of Concentrations -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3 -- Proteins -- Proteins are macromolecules formed by amino acids -- Amino acids -- Optical Isomerism -- Classification of Amino Acids -- Neutral Amino Acids With Nonpolar Aliphatic Chain -- Neutral Aliphatic Amino Acids WithNonionizable Polar Chain -- Aromatic Neutral Amino Acids -- Amino Acids With Sulfur -- Acidic Amino Acids (Dicarboxylic) -- Basic Amino Acids -- Proline -- Other Amino Acids -- Properties of Amino Acids -- Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids -- Amino Acids Titration Curve -- Chemical Properties of Amino Acids -- Peptides -- Peptide Bond -- Nomenclature -- Acid-Base Properties -- Biologically Important Peptides -- Proteins -- Acid-Base Properties -- Electrophoresis -- Molecular Mass -- Solubility -- Dialysis-Ultrafiltration -- Molecular Shape -- Molecular Structure -- Primary Structure -- Secondary Structure -- Tertiary Structure -- Quaternary Structure -- Multimolecular Complexes -- Considerations About Protein Structure -- Protein Denaturation -- Protein Classification -- Simple Proteins -- Conjugated Proteins -- Proteins in Nutrition -- Protein Structure and Function -- Collagen -- Keratins -- Hemoglobin -- Heme -- Globin -- Transport of Carbon Dioxide -- Hemoglobin derivatives -- Carboxyhemoglobin -- Methemoglobin -- Hemoglobin A1c.

Abnormal hemoglobins -- Blood plasma proteins -- Main proteins in blood plasma -- Muscle proteins -- Muscle contraction -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4 -- Carbohydrates -- Monosaccharides -- Isomerism -- Monosaccharides of Interest in Human Biochemistry -- Glucose -- Galactose -- Mannose -- Fructose -- Pentoses -- Haworth's Formulas -- Monosaccharide Derivatives -- Glycosides -- Products Obtained From the Reduction ofHexoses -- Deoxysugars -- Products of Oxidation of Aldoses -- Phosphoric Esters -- Amino Sugars -- Disaccharides -- Maltose -- Lactose -- Saccharose -- Polysaccharides -- Homopolysaccharides -- Starch -- Glycogen -- Dextrins -- Dextrans -- Inulin -- Cellulose -- Chitin -- Heteropolysaccharides -- Glycosaminoglycans -- Dietary Fiber -- Proteoglycans -- Peptidoglycans -- Glycoproteins -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 5 -- Lipids -- Classification -- Fatty acids -- Fatty Acids Properties -- Physical Properties -- Chemical Properties -- Properties that depend on the carboxyl group -- Properties dependent on the carbon chain -- Essential fatty acids -- Simple lipids -- Acylglycerols -- Acylglycerols Properties -- Physical properties -- Chemical properties -- Nutritional Importance of Fats -- Waxes -- Complex lipids -- Phospholipids -- Glycerophospholipids -- Sphingophospholipids -- Glycolipids -- Cerebrosides -- Gangliosides -- Lipoproteins -- Substances associated with lipids -- Terpenes -- Sterols -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6 -- Nucleic Acids -- Nucleotides -- Nucleic acids -- Deoxyribonucleic Acid -- DNA Molecular Structure -- DNA Denaturation -- Renaturation -- Chromatin -- Circular DNA -- Genome -- Ribonucleic Acid -- Messenger Ribonucleic Acid -- Transfer Ribonucleic Acid -- Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid -- Small Nuclear Nucleoproteins -- Virus -- Free nucleotides -- Summary -- Bibliography.

Chapter 7 -- Elements of Thermodynamics and Biochemical Kinetics -- Thermodynamics -- Energy -- Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions -- Second Law of Thermodynamics -- Free Energy -- Direction of a Chemical Reaction -- Chemical Equilibrium -- Cell as an Open System -- High-Energy Compounds -- Energetically Coupled Reactions -- Chemical kinetics -- Reaction Order -- Activation Energy -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8 -- Enzymes -- Enzymes are biological catalysts -- Nomenclature and classification of enzymes -- Chemical nature of enzymes -- Metalloenzymes -- Enzymatic catalysis -- Active site -- Zymogens -- Genetic alterations that affect enzyme function -- Enzyme distribution within the cell -- Multienzyme systems -- Determination of enzyme activity -- Factors that modify enzyme activity -- Enzyme inhibitors -- Irreversible Inhibitors -- Reversible Inhibitors -- Regulation of enzyme activity -- Constitutive and inducible enzymes -- Enzymatic processes in cascade -- Isozymes -- Determination of enzymes in the clinical laboratory -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 9 -- Biological Oxidations: Bioenergetics -- The energy-rich intermediate ATP -- Oxidation-reduction -- Oxidation Involves Electron Loss -- Reduction Potential -- Reduction Potential Determination -- Biological oxidations -- Mitochondria -- Respiratory chain -- Transfer of Reduction Equivalents -- Respiratory Chain Components -- Respiratory Chain Complexes -- Electron Transport Inhibitors -- Oxidative phosphorylation -- Mechanism of Oxidative Phosphorylation -- Coupling of Electron Transport andProton Translocation -- ATP Synthesis in the Complex F0F1 -- ATP-ADP Transport -- ATP Yield of Oxidative Phosphorylation -- Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation -- Respiratory Control -- Genetic Deficiencies of the Respiratory Chain -- Brown Fat -- Hydrogen Shuttle Systems.

Phosphorylation atsubstrate level -- Other electron transport systems -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 10 -- Antioxidants -- Reactive species -- Reactive Oxygen Species -- Reactive Nitrogen Species -- Harmful Effects of Reactive Species -- Cell Signaling Role of Reactive Species -- Defense Mechanisms Against Reactive Oxygen Species -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11 -- Membranes -- Structure -- Membrane Lipids -- Membrane Proteins -- Carbohydrates -- Subcellular Organelles -- Transport across membranes -- Diffusion -- Passive transport or facilitated diffusion -- Facilitated Diffusion Transporters -- Channels -- Water Channels-Aquaporins -- Channels Between Cells -- Active transport -- P-Type ATPases -- Na+, K+-ATPase -- Ca2+-ATPase -- H+, K+-ATPase -- F-Type ATPases -- V-Type ATPase -- ABC Transporters -- Secondary Active Transport -- Nerve Impulse -- Endocytosis -- Exocytosis -- Vesicular Transport -- Cell Adhesion -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12 -- Digestion -- Absorption -- Saliva -- Composition -- Inorganic Components -- Digestive Action of Saliva -- Other Functions of Saliva -- Gastric juice -- Hydrochloric Acid -- Digestive Action of Gastric Secretion -- Analysis of Gastric Secretion -- Pancreatic juice -- Inorganic Components -- Digestive Action of Pancreatic Juice -- Intestinal mucosa -- Brush Border Enzymes -- Bile -- Composition -- Summary of the digestive process -- Carbohydrates -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Nucleic Acids -- Absorption -- Carbohydrates -- Lipids -- Proteins -- Water and Electrolytes -- Summary -- Bibliography -- Chapter 13 -- Metabolism -- Metabolic pathways -- Metabolic studies -- Methods Used to Study Metabolism -- Model Systems Used in Metabolic Studies -- Metabolome -- Regulation of metabolism -- Compartmentalization of Enzymes Involved in Metabolism -- Summary -- Bibliography.

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