Food losses and waste in primary production : Data collection in the Nordic countries.

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Preface ; Summary ; Multi-purpose project ; Holistic approach to primary production ; Introducing the new term side flow ; Comparing different terms ; Methods used for quantification ; Amounts of side flows and food waste ; 1. Introduction ; 1.1 Purpose and objectives of the project ; 1.2 Research questions ; 1.3 Demarcation ; 1.4 Reading instructions ; 2. Definitions, terms and system boundaries ; 2.1 Definitions, terms and system boundaries of this project ; 2.2 Comparing the definition used in this project to other existing definitions.

3. Amount of side flows in Nordic countries 3.1 Food production and conversion factors ; 3.2 Side flow and food waste ; 3.2.1 Cereals, oil crops ; Wheat ; Rye ; Barley ; Oats ; Oil crops ; 3.2.2 Starchy roots, sugar crops ; Potatoes ; Sugar beet ; 3.2.3 Vegetables, pulses ; Tomatoes ; Onions, green shallots ; Cabbages and brassicas ; Cauliflowers and broccoli ; Lettuce and chicory ; Cucumbers and gherkins ; Peas, green ; Carrots and turnips ; Mushrooms and truffles ; Vegetables, Other ; Beans ; Peas, field ; Pulses, Other and products ; 3.2.4 Fruits ; Apples ; Pears ; Strawberry ; Currants.

Fruits, Other 3.2.5 Meat, offal, animal fats ; Bovine Meat ; Mutton & Goat Meat ; Pig meat ; Poultry Meat ; Meat, Other ; Offal ; Fats, Animals, Raw ; 3.2.6 Milk, eggs ; Milk ; Butter, Ghee ; Cream ; Eggs ; 3.2.7 Fish, seafood ; Fish, caught (wild fish): ; Farmed fish: ; Seafood ; Fish oil ; 3.3 Discussion of side flows and food waste ; 4. Case studies ; 4.1 Results ; 4.1.1 Questionnaire results ; 4.1.2 Field study results ; 4.2 Discussion on case studies ; 4.2.1 Uncertainty of results ; 4.2.2 Field studies ; 4.2.3 Reasons for side flow ; 4.2.4 Side flow treatment.

5. Development of methodology 5.1 Approach for side flow quantification ; 5.2 Methods for side flow studies ; 5.3 Choice of methods for side flow quantification ; 5.3.1 Method choice vs. data availability ; 5.3.2 Products with low availability ; 5.3.3 Products with high availability ; 5.3.4 Experience from other projects ; 5.3.5 Choice of methods in this project ; 5.4 Development of methods ; 5.4.1 Methods developed from previous studies ; 5.4.2 Similar but different methods in each country ; 5.4.3 Questionnaires ; Questionnaire layout and content ; Questionnaire distribution method.

5.4.4 Interviews 5.4.5 Direct measurements ; 5.4.6 Using published data ; 5.5 Strengths and weaknesses of the methods used ; 5.5.1 Questionnaires ; 5.5.2 Interviews ; 5.5.3 Direct measurements ; 5.5.4 Published data and side flow studies ; 5.6 Research method recommendations ; 5.6.1 Questionnaires ; 5.6.2 Interviews ; 5.6.3 Direct measurements ; 5.6.4 Published data and side flow studies ; Conclusions and recommendations ; Use side flow for a holistic approach in primary production ; 800,000 tonnes of side flows and 330,000 tonnes of food waste.

Use more than one method to quantify side flow.

Includes bibliographical references.

This project has resulted in a suggested definitional and methodological framework for future food waste studies in primary production. It has also resulted in a first attempt to quantify food waste in primary production in the Nordic countries. The project was focused on primary production in the Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. One purpose has been to test adequate methods for collecting data on food losses and waste from primary producers in the Nordic countries. Another purpose was to estimate the amount of food losses and waste in primary production in the Nordic Countries. In order to collect data and quantify food losses and waste in primary production it was necessary to work on these definitions or possibly introduce new, more useful terms. Thus this project involved defining terms, developing methodologies and quantifying data.

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