Strategies to improve cardiac arrest survival : a time to act / Committee on the Treatment of Cardiac Arrest: Current Status and Future Directions, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies ; Robert Graham, Margaret A. McCoy, and Andrea M. Schultz, editors.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Cardiac arrest can strike a seemingly healthy individual of any age, race, ethnicity, or gender at any time in any location, often without warning. Cardiac arrest is the third leading cause of death in the United States, following cancer and heart disease. Four out of five cardiac arrests occur in the home, and more than 90 percent of individuals with cardiac arrest die before reaching the hospital. First and foremost, cardiac arrest treatment is a community issue-local resources and personnel must provide appropriate, high-quality care to save the life of a community member. Time between onset of arrest and provision of care is fundamental, and shortening this time is one of the best ways to reduce the risk of death and disability from cardiac arrest. Specific actions can be implemented now to decrease this time, and recent advances in science could lead to new discoveries in the causes of, and treatments for, cardiac arrest. However, specific barriers must first be addressed. Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival examines the complete system of response to cardiac arrest in the United States and identifies opportunities within existing and new treatments, strategies, and research that promise to improve the survival and recovery of patients. The recommendations of Strategies to Improve Cardiac Arrest Survival provide high-priority actions to advance the field as a whole. This report will help citizens, government agencies, and private industry to improve health outcomes from sudden cardiac arrest across the United States.

This study was supported by Contract No. 200-2011-38807, TO #24, between the National Academy of Sciences and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Contract No. HHSN26300031 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institutes of Health; Contract No. VA791-14-P-0865 between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; and with support from the American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association, and the American Red Cross. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

Summary -- Introduction -- Understanding the public health burden of cardiac arrest: the need for national surveillance -- The public experience with cardiac arrest -- Emergency medical services response to cardiac arrest -- In-hospital cardiac arrest and post-arrest care -- Resuscitation research and continuous quality improvement -- Recommendations and key opportunities -- Acronyms -- Meeting agendas -- Committee biographies -- Selected results from commissioned analyses -- Map of U.S. States with CPR training as a high school graduation requirement -- Utstein guideline -- endorsed data elements for reporting out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

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