Compiling and Annotating a Learner Corpus for a Morphologically Rich Language

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Cover -- Contents -- List of abbreviations -- Introduction -- About this book -- Reasons to study non-native Czech -- Some properties of non-native Czech -- Morphology -- Syntax -- Word segmentation -- Learner corpus -- Roadmap -- Learner corpora -- Terminology -- Various types of learner corpora -- The choice of texts -- Annotation -- Textual annotation -- Linguistic annotation -- Error annotation -- correction -- Error annotation -- categorization -- Annotation scheme -- Data access -- Some learner corpora -- ASK -- CLC -- COPLE2 -- CroLTeC -- Falko -- ICLE -- MERLIN -- RLC -- SweLL

Relationships of CzeSL with other learner corpora -- Introducing the CzeSL project -- Specifications of CzeSL -- Intended usage -- AKCES -- the umbrella project -- Procurement of texts -- Text collection -- Transcription -- Anonymization -- Metadata -- Error annotation -- Errors and learner language -- More than one way to annotate errors in CzeSL -- A wishlist for error annotation -- Interference and other types of explanation -- Interpretation in terms of TH -- Word order -- Style -- Communication goal -- The two-tier annotation scheme -- Annotation scheme as a compromise -- Why multiple tiers

How many tiers -- Multiple tiers in a tabular format -- Content of the tiers -- A sample text with T1 vs. T2 corrections -- Links between tiers -- Error tags -- Morphosyntactic references -- Follow-up corrections -- Alternative target hypotheses -- Error tagset -- Based on linguistic categories -- Grammar-based vs. formal errors -- Extent of the annotated unit -- Grammar-based tags -- Errors at T1 -- Errors at T2 -- Coarse-grained -- An example of complex annotation -- Evaluation of the manual tiered error annotation -- Inter-annotator agreement (IAA) -- A pilot annotation

IAA on all doubly-annotated texts -- Error tags depend on target hypothesis -- Possible causes of the annotators' disagreements -- Formal tags -- Automatic extension and modification of error annotation -- Automatic detection of formal errors on T1 -- Formal orthographic errors -- Formal errors sometimes influencing pronunciation -- Formal errors influencing pronunciation -- Other types of errors -- Automatic classification of word-boundary errors -- Implicit error annotation -- Multi-dimensional error annotation (MD) -- Focus on morphology -- All annotation applied to the source text

Extent of the annotated unit -- Alternative error domains -- Source text, target hypothesis, annotated strings -- Domains and features -- Linguistic annotation -- Annotation with tools for Standard Czech -- Annotation of target hypothesis -- Annotation of T1 -- Annotation of source texts -- Annotation of interlanguage in UD -- Tokenization -- Part-of-speech and morphology -- Lemmata -- Syntactic Structure -- Evaluation -- Annotation process -- Overview of the annotation process -- Transcription and anonymization of manuscripts -- Tiered error annotation -- Manual error annotation

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