TY  - GEN
AU  - Ellinger,Sabine
AU  - Zimmermann,Benno
TI  - Cocoa, Chocolate and Human Health
SN  - books978-3-03928-589-1
PY  - 2020///
PB  - MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
KW  - n/a
KW  - lipids
KW  - theobromine
KW  - colonic bacteria
KW  - ?-glucosidase inhibition
KW  - cacao
KW  - tinnitus
KW  - antioxidant capacity
KW  - metabolomics
KW  - methylxanthines
KW  - lipid status
KW  - physical exercise
KW  - skeletal muscle
KW  - functional volatile compounds
KW  - soluble cocoa products
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - flavanols
KW  - functional food
KW  - classification
KW  - monitoring
KW  - cocoa
KW  - yeast
KW  - quality
KW  - flavanols bioavailability
KW  - fermentation
KW  - cocoa processing
KW  - hearing loss
KW  - Italian chocolate
KW  - chocolate
KW  - (?)-catechin
KW  - extraction and characterization methods
KW  - heath potentials
KW  - CREB
KW  - inflammation
KW  - flavanol-rich cocoa
KW  - behavior
KW  - (?)-epicatechin
KW  - BDNF
KW  - plasma appearance
KW  - flavan-3-ol stereoisomers
KW  - fermentation-related enzymes
KW  - angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity
KW  - type 2 diabetes
KW  - CaMKII
KW  - exercise performance
KW  - anti-inflammatory properties
KW  - (+)-catechin
KW  - bioactive compounds
KW  - chiral separation
KW  - plasma
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - antidiabetic capacity
KW  - polyphenols
KW  - oligopeptides
KW  - urine
KW  - protein-phenol interactions
KW  - postprandial
KW  - working memory
KW  - procyanidins
KW  - simulated gastrointestinal digestion
KW  - cocoa-based ingredients
KW  - one-compartment model
KW  - cocoa beans
KW  - athlete
KW  - biomarkers
KW  - polyphenol
KW  - metabolic syndrome
KW  - nutrition
KW  - bioavailability
KW  - roasting
KW  - glucose metabolism
KW  - cohort study
KW  - plasma nutrikinetics
KW  - pharmacokinetics
KW  - human
KW  - cocoa proteins
KW  - metabolites
KW  - cocoa by-product
KW  - meal
KW  - bioactive peptides
KW  - performance
KW  - liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QToF-MS)
KW  - starter culture
N1  - Open Access
N2  - This book entitled "Cocoa, Chocolate, and Human Health" presents the most recent findings about cocoa and health in 14 peer-reviewed chapters including nine original contributions and five reviews from cocoa experts around the world. Bioavailability and metabolism of the main cocoa polyphenols, i.e., the flavanols like epicatechin, are presented including metabolites like valerolactones that are formed by the gut microbiome. Many studies, including intervention studies or epidemiological observations, do not focus on single compounds, but on cocoa as a whole. This proves the effectiveness of cocoa as a functional food. A positive influence of cocoa on hearing problems, exercise performance, and metabolic syndrome is discussed with mixed results; the results about exercise performance are contradictive. Evidence shows that cocoa flavanols may modulate some risk factors related to metabolic syndrome such as hypertension and disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, several cardiometabolic parameters in type 2 diabetics were not affected by a flavanol-rich cocoa powder as simultaneous treatment with pharmaceuticals might have negated the effect of cocoa. The putative health-promoting components of cocoa are altered during processing like fermentation, drying, and roasting of cocoa beans. Chocolate, the most popular cocoa product, shows remarkable losses in polyphenols and vitamin E during 18 months of storage
UR  - https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/2307
UR  - https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/43444
ER  -