TY - GEN AU - Antunes,Paulo AU - Varum,Humberto AU - Antunes,Paulo AU - Varum,Humberto TI - Optical Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring SN - books978-3-0365-0173-4 PY - 2021/// CY - Basel, Switzerland PB - MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute KW - History of engineering & technology KW - bicssc KW - image-based measurement KW - crack measurement KW - shear cracks KW - flexural cracks KW - damage index KW - nuclear power plant KW - visual inspection KW - photometric stereo KW - 3D reconstruction KW - rotating stall KW - non-synchronous blade vibration KW - blade tip timing KW - centrifugal compressor KW - distributed measurements KW - fiber optic sensors KW - scour KW - soil-structure interaction KW - winkler model KW - equivalent length KW - corrosion sensor KW - oil and gas pipelines KW - optical fibers KW - Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) KW - distributed optical fiber strain sensing cable KW - Brillouin scattering KW - Rayleigh scattering KW - strain sensing cable characterization KW - elasto-plastic behavior KW - strain sensitivity coefficients KW - bridge damage detection KW - fiber optic gyroscope KW - deep learning KW - convolutional neural network KW - Fiber Bragg grating KW - fiber optic sensors embedded in concrete KW - strain measurement KW - monitoring KW - cracking KW - weldable fiber optic sensors KW - optical fiber sensors KW - material extrusion KW - hybrid processes KW - temperature and strain monitoring KW - similarity measure KW - subway tunnel KW - distributed vibration KW - feature extraction KW - autoencoder KW - ultra-weak FBG KW - hyperspectral imaging KW - spectral indices KW - random forest KW - growth stage KW - Fusarium head blight KW - structural health monitoring KW - load localization KW - load estimation KW - depth sensor KW - artificial neural networks KW - castigliano's theorem KW - crack detection KW - crack opening KW - distributed fiber optic sensors KW - DIC KW - UHPFRC KW - testing KW - SHM KW - microcracking KW - PAD KW - environmental monitoring KW - colorimetric detection KW - water KW - atmosphere N1 - Open Access N2 - The evolution and need for the preservation and maintenance of existing structures, recent or historical, has fostered research in the area of structural monitoring, translated into the development of new techniques, equipment and sensors. Early detection of damage and accurate assessment of structural safety requires monitoring systems, the data from which can be used to calibrate numerical models for structural analysis and to assess safety. Data are obtained under real-time conditions, considering a group of parameters related to structural properties, such as stresses, accelerations, deformations and displacements. The analysis of structural properties is particularly relevant when the structure is subjected to extreme events (earthquakes, wind, fire and explosions, among others) or repeated loads (road/rail/air traffic, vibrations induced by equipment and machines), since they affect the structural integrity and put the users at risk. In order to prevent the severe damage and eventual collapse of structures, and consequent human, material and economic losses, the implementation of monitoring systems becomes a valuable tool for today's society. Monitoring of structures is becoming increasingly important, not only as preventive action, but also due to actual economic and sustainability concerns, to ensure a safer and more comfortable built environment UR - https://mdpi.com/books/pdfview/book/3488 UR - https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/68469 ER -