TY - GEN AU - Ryad,Umar AU - Ryad,Umar TI - The Hajj and Europe in the Age of Empire SN - 9789004323353 PY - 2017/// CY - Leiden; Boston PB - Brill KW - History KW - bicssc KW - Islam KW - Ethnic studies KW - islam KW - empire KW - mecca KW - pilgrimage KW - muslim holy places KW - arabia KW - hajj KW - european converts to islam KW - colonialism KW - global history KW - europe KW - Jeddah N1 - Open Access N2 - "Killed the pilgrims and persecuted them with all kinds of cruelties": Portuguese Estado da India's encounters with the hajj in the sixteenth century / Mahmood Kooria -- "The infidel piloting the true believer": Thomas Cook and the business of the colonial hajj / Michael Christopher Low -- British colonial knowledge and the hajj in the Age of Empire / John Slight -- French policy and the hajj in late-nineteenth-century Algeria: Governor Cambon's reform attempts and Jules Gervais-Courtellemont's pilgrimage to Mecca / Aldo d'aAostini -- Heinrich Freiherr von Maltzan's "My pilgrimage to Mecca": a critical investigation / Ulrike Freitag -- Polish connections to the hajj in the nineteenth century: mystical and imaginary travels to Mecca and the Polish cultural tradition / Boguslaw R. Zagorski -- On his donkey to the mountain of 'Arafat: Dr. Van der Hoog and his hajj journey to Mecca / Umar Ryad -- "I have to disguise myself": orientalism, Gyula Germanus, and pilgrimage as cultural capital, 1935-1965 / Adam