Variation in Language : Code switching in Czech as a challenge for sociolinguistics.

VARIATION IN LANGUAGECODE SWITCHING IN CZECH ASA CHALLENGE FOR SOCIOLINGUISTICS; Editorial page; Title page; Copyright page; PREFACE; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; Table of contents; 1. STYLES, VARIETIES, AND LANGUAGE FORMATIONS; 1.1 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS; 1.2 A BASIC SCALE OF VARIATION; 1.3 KINDS AND LAYERS OF VARIATION; 1.3.1 Main approaches to variation; 1.3.2 Diglossia; 1.3.3 Code-switching without bilingualism; 1.3.4 Speaker's attitudes; 1.3.5 Mutual impact of codes; 1.3.6 Core and periphery of nationallanguage; 1.3.7 Attitudes and activities of linguists; 1.4 STYLE AND LANGUAGE FORMATION.

1.5 THEORETICAL ASPECTS2. THE TWO CENTRAL LANGUAGE FORMATIONS IN CZECH; 2.1. THE HISTORY OF THE QUESTION; 2.1.1 First inquiry into Common Czech; 2.1.2 Discussions on democratization; 2.1.3 The present state; 2.2 PHONEMICS; 2.2.1 The two scales; 2.2.2 The main items typical of CC soundpatterns; 2.2.3 Peripheral items of CC phonemics; 2.2.4 Concluding remarks; 2.3 MORPHEMICS; 2.3.1 General Remarks; 2.3.2 Declension; (A) Nouns; (A.1) Masculine; (A.2) Feminine; (A.3) Neuter; (B.1) Adjectives; (B.2) Pronouns; (i) Demonstrative; (ii) Possessive; (iii) Personal; (iv) Anaphorical; (B.3) Numerals.

2.3.3 Conjugation(i) Class 1 (paradigms nese, bere, maže, pece, umre) andgeneral features; (ii) Class 2 (tiskne, mine, zacne); (iii) Class 3 (kupuje, kreje); (iv) Class 4 (prosi, trpí, sázi); (v) Class 5 (delá); 2.3.4 Degrees of comparison; 2.4 SYNTAX; 2.4.1 Means and their functions in spokendiscourse; 2.4.2 Syntactic means; 2.4.3 Syntactic functions and morphologicalmeanings; 2.4.4 Closing remarks; 2.5 Lexicon; 2.5.1 General observations; 2.5.2 Phonemic shape of CC words; 2.5.3 Lexically-stylistic variability; 2.5.4 Relationships between SC and CC words; 2.5.5 Types of CC word formation.

3. THE ORIGIN OF THE OPPOSITION OF STANDARD AND COMMON CZECH3.1. CONDITIONS DURING NATIONAL REVIVAL; 3.2 REASONS FOR THE CHOICE OF THE ARCHAIC STANDARD; 3.3 THE EXISTENCE OF OTHER POSSIBILITIES; 4. CODE SWITCHING BETWEEN STANDARD AND COMMON CZECH; 4.1 CODE SWITCHING AND SPEAKERS1 ATTITUDE; 4.1.1 Results of empirical research; 4.1.2 Factors of choice of expressions; 4.2 COMMON CZECH IN PUBLIC USE; 4.3 LINGUISTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE CODE SWITCHING; 5. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES; 5.1 SOME TASKS OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS; 5.2 REQUIREMENTS ON LINGUISTIC THEORY.

5.3 PERSPECTIVES ON THE STRATIFICATION OF CZECH5.3.1 Perspectives of the impact of CC; 5.3.2 Starting points for a prognosis; 5.3.3 CC lexical units in standard discourse; 5.3.4 Perspectives of phonemic and grammaticalitems; 5.3.5 Some specific cases; 5.3.6 A summary of the prognosis and ofthe linguists" role; NOTES TO CHAPTER 1; NOTES TO CHAPTER 2; NOTES TO CHAPTER 3; NOTES TO CHAPTER 4; NOTES TO CHAPTER 5; APPENDIX; REFERENCES; INDEX OF NAMES; INDEX OF SUBJECTS; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

Czech, a clear case of a language having a Standard and a strong central vernacular with intensive shifting between them, offers many points of general interest to sociolinguists. This volume is divided in 5 chapters and opens with a general discussion of language varieties. 'The Two Central Language Formations in Czech' gives a summary description of the Czech central vernacular. This is followed by a chapter on 'The Origin and Opposition of Standard and Common Czech' and in the next chapter code switching between Standard and Common Czech is discussed. The concluding chapter presents startin.

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