Spying blind : the CIA, the FBI, and the origins of 9/11 / Amy B. Zegart.

Includes bibliographical references (pages 273-307) and index.

An organizational view of 9/11 -- Canaries in the coal mine : the case for failed adaptation -- Crossing an academic no-man's land : explaining failed adaptation -- Fighting Osama one bureaucrat at a time : adaptation failure in the CIA -- Signals found and lost : the CIA and 9/11 -- Real men don't type : adaptation failure in the FBI -- Evidence teams at the ready : the FBI and 9/11 -- The more things change-- -- Appendix : Intelligence reform catalog methodology.

In this pathbreaking book, Amy Zegart provides the first scholarly examination of the intelligence failures that preceded September 11. Until now, those failures have been attributed largely to individual mistakes. But Zegart shows how and why the intelligence system itself left us vulnerable. Zegart argues that after the Cold War ended, the CIA and FBI failed to adapt to the rise of terrorism. She makes the case by conducting painstaking analysis of more than three hundred intelligence reform recommendations and tracing the history of CIA and FBI counterterrorism efforts from 1991 to 2001, dr.

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