Treasures in trusted hands : negotiating the future of colonial cultural objects / Jos van Beurden.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Preface; About this book; Acknowledgements; Part I -- Introduction; A neglected issue in an evolving world; 1.1. Decisive experiences; 1.2. Changes that matter; Incidental returns of colonial cultural objects; 1.3. Main questions; Research methodology; On colonial cultural objects; 2.1. Return; 2.2. Cultural objects; Other frequently used concepts; 2.3. Typology of colonial cultural objects; 2.3.1. Gifts to colonial administrators and institutions; 2.3.2. Objects acquired during private expeditions; 2.3.3. Objects acquired during military expeditions; 2.3.4. Missionary collecting.

2.3.5. ArchivesPart II -- Colonialism and cultural objects; Colonial expansion; 3.1. Early migration of objects to Europe; War booty during colonial expansion and its present whereabouts; 3.2. Meagre protection; Settler and exploitation colonialism; 4.1. Peak in migration of objects; Ancient Indonesian gifts dispersed; Relocating to preserve better: from Papua New Guinea to Australia; Cyprus and Dun Huang expeditions; War booty during settler and exploitation colonialism; 4.2. Protection and preservation measures; Decolonisation, the first claims and the ongoing seepage of objects.

5.1. Whimsicalities in collectingExamples of loot and arson/punitive expeditions during decolonisation; 5.2. Early (calls for) returns; (Pre- )independence returns; 5.3. Drain of cultural objects before and after independence; 5.4. Decolonisation, an unresolved conflict; Five generations of conflict researchers, a critical review; Part III -- Colonial cultural objects and the law; Increasing protection?; 6.1. Hard law international instruments; The relevance of two conventions; 6.2. Soft law international instruments; Cases dealt with by the ICPRCP.

6.2.1. Instruments for the repatriation of human remainsIncidental returns of colonial human remains; Return-refusals for colonial human remains; Successful repatriation of Maori heads; 6.2.2. Instruments for the restitution of Nazi-looted art; Four soft law instruments for dealing with Nazi-looted art; 6.2.3. A human rights and a justice perspective; Part IV -- Ambiguities between the Netherlands and Indonesia; The 1975 Joint Recommendations; 7.1. Cultural heritage policy until 1949; 7.2. Negotiations between 1949 and 1975; Papua culture in safety; 7.3. Towards an agreement.

Early returns to IndonesiaLuwu insignia; 7.4. Dynamics of the agreement's implementation; The Joint Recommendations revisited; 8.1. New research findings; Thomas Raffles and Indonesia's heritage; Return of Diponegoro's pilgrim's staff1; Evidence of migration of objects in the first period; The missing kris of Diponegoro; 8.2. The 1975 agreement: lessons for other bilateral negotiations; Returns to Indonesia 1949 -- 1978; Part V -- Approaches in other bilateral agreements; The 1970 agreement between Belgium and Congo; 9.1. Cultural policies up to independence.

This pioneering study charts the one-way traffic of cultural and historical objects during five centuries of European colonialism. It presents abundant examples of disappeared colonial objects and systematises these into war booty, confiscations by missionaries and contestable acquisitions by private persons and other categories. Former colonies consider this as a historical injustice that has not been undone. Former colonial powers have kept most of the objects in their custody. In the 1970s the Netherlands and Belgium returned objects to their former colonies Indonesia and DR Congo; but their.

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