Acoustic Theory of Speech Production : With Calculations based on X-Ray Studies of Russian Articulations.

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"Introduction"; "Table of Contents "; "Acknowledgments"; "PART I. ACOUSTIC THEORY OF SPEECH"; "Chapter 1.1 GENERAL THEORY"; "1.11 Source-Filter Description of Speech Production"; "1.12 Segmentation"; "1.13 The F-pattern"; "Chapter 1.2 NETWORK THEORY OF VOCAL TRANSMISSION"; "1.21 Network Representation of Acoustic Resonators and Horns"; "1.22 Methods of Numerical Calculations"; "1.23 Transform Equations for Speech Production"; "Chapter 1.3 ANALYTICAL CONSTRAINTS ON THE COMPOSITION OF SPEECH SPECTRA"; "1.31 Idealized Spectral Description of Voiced Sounds."

"1.32 The Relations Between Formant Frequencies and Spectrum Envelopes"1.33 Pole-Zero Decomposition of Consonants"; "Chapter 1.4 THE F-PATTERNS OF COMPOUND TUBE RESONATORS AND HORNS"; "1.41 The Twin-Tube Resonator. The Effect of Lip-Rounding"; "1.42 Horns as Single Resonators and Connecting Sections"; "1.43 Three-Parameter Models Approximatig the Vocal Tract"; "PART II. CALCULATIONS BASED ON X-RAY DATA"; "Chapter 2.1 X-RAY PROCEDURE, SUBJECT, AND PHONETIC MATERIAL"; "Chapter 2.2 METHODS AND APPROXIMATIONS"; "Chapter 2.3 A STUDY OF VOWELS."

"2.31 Calculations of Formant Frequencies and Spectrum Envelopes"2.32 Articulatory and Acoustic Vowel Diagrams"; "2.33 The Relations Between Resonator Dimensions and Formant Frequencies"; "2.34 The Spatial Distribution of Sound Pressure. Formant Bandwidths"; "Chapter 2.4 NASAL SOUNDS AND NASALIZATION"; "2.41 Physiological Data"; "2.42 Nasal Sounds Produced With Oral Closure"; "2.43 Nasalization"; "Chapter 2.5 THE LIQUIDS"; "Chapter 2.6 FRICATIVES, AFFRICATES, AND STOPS"; "2.61 Fricatives and Affricates"; "2.62 Stops"; "2.63 Idealized Models of Fricatives and Stops."

"2.64 Conclusions Regarding Source Characteristics of Fricatives and Stops"PART III. SUMMARY"; "Chapter 3.1 SEGMENTATION AND SPECIFICATION"; "Chapter 3.2 THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE F-PATTERN AND ARTICULATION"; "Chapter 3.3 SOME ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES"; "Chapter 3.4 COMMENTS ON THE ACOUSTICAL NATURE OF DISTINCTIVE FEATURES"; "APPENDICES"; "Appendix A.1 SPEECH WAVE ANALYSIS"; "A.11 Intensity Measurements"; "A.12 Spectrum and Waveform Measurements."

"A.13 Spectrographic Illustrations of the Speech Material Utilized for the Control of the Consonant Calculations"Appendix A2 A STUDY OF SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS"; "A.21 The Voice Source"; "A.22 Turbulent and Transient Sources"; "Appendix A.3 ANALYTICAL STUDY OF SIMPLE RESONATOR MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SPEECH PRODUCTION"; "A.31 The Single Helmholtz Resonator"; "A.32 The Double Helmholtz Resonator"; "A.33 The Single Tube as an Acoustic Resonator"; "A.34 Four-Tube Systems. Transform Equations for Arbitrary Source Locations."

"A.35 The Damping Effect of Series and Shunt Losses Within Twin-Tube Resonators."

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