Traders and Trade in Colonial Ovamboland, 1925-1990 : Elite Formation and the Politics of Consumption under Indirect Rule and.

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Cover; Title page; Copyright page; Contents; Acknowledgment; Introduction; A short literature review; Trade and consumption; Modern elites; Civil society; Structures and agency in domination; Ovamboland: a short geographical and historical outline; Terminology, Methods, Sources; The book's storyline; 1. The early years: from itinerant traders to monopoly stores; The era of trade expeditions and mission trade (1850-1925); Missionary trade; Migrant workers; Early attempts to open stores; The establishment of the first stores; 2. The monopoly stores, 1925-1952.

Institutional history of the monopoly storesTrade organization and shopping; Turnover; Getting supplies to Ovamboland; Trade and the administration; 3. The first locally owned stores, 1937-1955; The pioneer: Simon Galoua in Ombalantu; Population growth and settlement expansion after 1927; The first wave of new traders, 1951-55; Why Stores?; 4. From indirect rule to liberation war: Ovamboland 1948-1978; Modernizing the administration, 1948-1978; Changing South African Policies; Ovamboland administration under apartheid; Apartheid development policy; Liberation movement and guerilla war.

5. Traders in a modernizing societyThree biographies of early traders; Types of stores; Turnover; Stock and supplies; The social role of traders; Credit and traders' networks; 6. Stores and spatial organization after 1950; "Piccanins with guns" -- Ondangwa in 1950; The geography of stores, 1950-1965; Central Ukwanyama: development stalled by the war; Small towns: New centers in the rural areas; Ondangwa and Oshakati: the new towns; Frontier spaces: Social life in the new towns; 7. Taking sides? Traders and politics during the liberation war; Traders between old and new elites.

Profiting or dying: Traders in warTraders as development partners for a modernizing administration; Civil society or uncivil despotism?; Conclusion; Trade in central-northern Namibia after 1990; Colonial domination and local elites in Ovamboland; Homeland development and economic structures; Consumption, trade and social order; Entrepreneurship, dependency and economic structures; Annex: Price List Ondjodjo and Omafo 1941; List of Illustrations; References; Index; Back cover.

Taking the history of trade and of traders as its subject matter, this book offers the first economic history of northern Namibia during the twentieth century. It traces Namibia's way from a rural, largely self-relying society into a globalised economy of consumption. This transformation built on colonial economic activities, but it was crucially shaped by local traders, a new social elite emerging during the 1950s and 1960s. Becoming a trader was one of the few possibilities for black Namibians to gain monetary income at home. It was a pathway out of migrant labour, to new status in the local.

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