The global crisis of drug-resistant tuberculosis and leadership of China and the BRICS : challenges and opportunities : summary of a joint workshop by the Institute of Medicine and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Steve Olson, Rebecca A. English, and Anne B. Claiborne, rapporteurs ; Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

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Includes bibliographical references.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, originally developed and introduced in the 1950 and 1960s. Since 2008, the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation of the Institute of Medicine has hosted or co-hosted six domestic and international workshops addressing the global crisis of drug-resistant TB, with special attention to the BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS is the summary of a workshop convened to address the current status of drug-resistant TB globally and in China. This report considers lessons learned from high burden countries; highlights global challenges to controlling the spread of drug-resistant strains; and discusses innovative strategies to advance and harmonize local and international efforts to prevent and treat drug-resistant TB. Additionally, the report examines the problem of MDR TB and emergent TB strains that are potentially untreatable with drugs available and considers the critical leadership role of the BRICS countries in addressing the threats and opportunities in drug-resistant TB.

This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Department of Health and Human Services (HHSN26300023 [Under Base #HHSN263201200074I] and Contract No. N01-OD-4-2139 TO #276; HHSF22301026T [Under Base #HHSF223200810020I]), AbbVie Inc., American Diabetes Association, American Society for Microbiology, Amgen Inc., Association of American Medical Colleges, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, CDC Foundation, Celtic Therapeutics, LLLP, Critical Path Institute, Doris Duke Charitable Foundation, Eli Lilly & Co. Foundation, Eli Lilly and Company, FasterCures, Fondation Merieux, Friends of Cancer Research, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson & Johnson, March of Dimes Foundation, Merck & Co., Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Pfizer Inc., and Sanofi. The views presented in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the activity.

Version viewed June 30, 2014.

The challenges and opportunities for the BRICS countries to lead -- Catching up with the microbe -- Drug-resistant TB in China -- Experiences with MDR TB in other countries -- Drug-resistant tuberculosis in pediatric populations -- Global perspectives on transmission and infection control -- Rapid diagnostic technologies : status and limitations -- Addressing diagnosis and treatment across the spectrum of drug resistance -- Developing and strengthening the drug supply chain for drug-resistant TB -- Embracing a new vision for research -- What will be required to achive zero deaths from TB? -- Creating an evidence-based blueprint for action.

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