Oil in the environment : legacies and lessons of the Exxon Valdez oil spill / edited by John A. Wiens, PRBO Conservation Science, California and the University of Western Australia, Perth.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Print version record.

Contributors; Use of acronyms; Acknowledgments; A bibliographic note; References; Prologue; References; Part I Introduction and background; Introduction; Chapter one Introduction and background; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The setting: the northern Gulf of Alaska and Prince William Sound; 1.2.1 Geography and geology; 1.2.2 The environment; 1.2.3 Human history; 1.3 The event: the Exxon Valdez oil spill; 1.3.1 What is crude oil?; 1.3.2 What happened to the oil?; 1.3.3 Other sources of oil; 1.4 Documenting exposure pathways; 1.5 The context: regulations, definitions, and litigation.

1.6 ConclusionsReferences; Chapter two The phases of an oil spill and scientific studies of spill effects; 2.1 Introduction and overview; 2.2 The phases of an oil spill; 2.3 Studies in Phase 1: release and immediate response; 2.3.1 Issues addressed; 2.3.2 Data collection; 2.4 Studies in Phase 2: cleanup; 2.4.1 Issues addressed; 2.4.2 Data collection; 2.5 Studies in Phase 3: recovery; 2.5.1 Issues addressed; 2.5.2 Data collection; 2.6 Lessons learned; References; Part II Oil in the environment; Introduction; Chapter Three Oil in the water column; 3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Overview of oil in the water column3.2.1 Petroleum: chemicals, behavior, and key processes; 3.2.2 Release scenarios and ephemeral data; 3.2.3 Key processes and environmental factors; 3.2.4 Sampling strategies: the four-dimensional approach; 3.2.4.1 Selection of sampling locations; 3.2.4.2 Sampling baseline locations; 3.2.5 Sampling and data collection methods; 3.2.5.1 Oceanographic characterization; 3.2.5.2 Direct water sampling; 3.2.5.3 Passive samplers; 3.2.6 Analysis for hydrocarbons; 3.3 The Exxon Valdez oil spill; 3.3.1 Water sampling programs; 3.3.2 Data for water samples, 1989-2005.

3.3.2.1 Data sources3.3.2.2 Data presentation and discussion; 3.3.2.3 Estimated water TPAH concentrations from mussel-tissue data; 3.3.2.4 Baseline water TPAH; 3.3.2.5 Value of the water-sampling program; 3.4 Comparison with the Deepwater Horizon oil spill; 3.5 Lessons learned; References; Chapter Four Surveying oil on the shoreline; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Background and survey objectives; 4.3 The SCAT process; 4.3.1 Step 1: Detection and documentation of shoreline oiling in 1989; 4.3.1.1 Aerial reconnaissance and videotape mapping (April); 4.3.1.2 Detailed ground SCAT (April-September).

4.3.2 Step 2: SCAT support to shoreline cleanup in 19894.3.3 Step 3: Postcleanup shoreline inspections and monitoring in winter 1989/90; 4.4 Shoreline surveys 1990 and later; 4.5 The legacy: SCAT in 2011; 4.6 Lessons learned; In Memoriam; References; Chapter Five Ancient sites and emergency response: cultural resource protection; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 The Exxon Cultural Resource Program; 5.2.1 A cooperative approach; 5.2.2 Cultural resource site data before 1989; 5. 3 Methods; 5.3.1 Studies of 14C dating contamination by crude oil; 5.3.2 Cultural resource constraints.

Scientists directly involved in studying the Exxon Valdez spill provide a comprehensive synthesis of scientific information on long-term spill effects.

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