Law, Tropical Forests and Carbon : the Case of REDD+

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Cover; Law, Tropical Forests and Carbon; Title; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Part I Framing the problem: perspectives from law, science and governance; 1 International legal frameworks for REDD+: ensuring legitimacy; 1.1 The Bali Action Plan; 1.2 The Copenhagen Accord and the Cancun and Durban Agreements; 1.2.1 Global average temperatures; 1.2.2 Extending the life of the Kyoto Protocol; 1.2.3 Developing country commitments; 1.2.4 Developing a new legally binding Protocol, instrument or outcome; 1.2.5 The financial mechanism.

1.3 Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+)1.3.1 Policy approaches for REDD+; 1.3.2 Concerns about the COP17 REDD+ outcomes; 1.3.2.1 The safeguards; 1.3.2.2 Modalities for forest reference emission levels and forest reference levels; 1.4 Ensuring legitimacy; 1.4.1 The rights of indigenous people; 1.4.2 Transparency and governance structures: institutional capacity to assert REDD+ rights; 1.4.2.1 International law and transparency indicators; 1.4.2.2 Transparency norms; 1.4.2.3 Legal standing.

1.4.2.4 The need for the full and effective participation of indigenous peoples and local communities: transparent access to de1.5 Conclusions; 2 Tropical forests: carbon, climate and biodiversity; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Tropical deforestation: past and future patterns; 2.3 Carbon emissions from tropical deforestation; 2.4 The tropical carbon sink; 2.5 Other services provided by tropical forests; 2.6 Options for restoring or retaining carbon stocks in tropical forests; 2.7 Biodiversity and conservation within the REDD+ framework; 2.8 The limitations of REDD+ as a climate mitigation tool.

2.9 Conclusions3 Measuring tropical forest carbon stocks; 3.1 Defining tropical forest carbon stocks; 3.2 Relevance of the tropical forest carbon stocks; 3.3 Uncertainties related to the tropical forest carbon stocks; 3.4 Measuring forest carbon in the REDD+ context; 3.5 Approaches for measuring forest carbon stocks; 3.6 Existing datasets on tropical forest carbon stocks; 3.7 Field measurement of forest carbon stocks; 3.8 Carbon stock retrieval from remote sensing; 3.8.1 Sensors: optical, radar or lidar?; 3.8.2 Optical remote sensing for carbon stock retrieval.

3.8.2.1 Physical basis: the spectral properties of vegetation3.8.2.2 Image processing and variable selection; 3.8.2.3 High and low resolution sensors -- trade-offs; 3.8.3 Modelling approaches; 3.9 Comparison and validation of carbon stock datasets; 3.10 Future research; 4 The quiet woods: REDD+ in societies with intact rainforests; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Society-environment relations in countries with intact tropical forests; 4.3 Land tenure in places with intact rainforests; 4.4 REDD+ in the quiet forests; 4.5 Conclusion: the road ahead for the quiet woods.

5 REDD+ and multi-level governance: governing for what and for whom?

This interdisciplinary and in-depth critical analysis of REDD+ offers perspectives on its enforcement under international law.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

English.

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