Turbulence : theory, types, and simulation / editor, Russell J. Marcuso.

Includes index.

Print version record.

TURBULENCETHEORY, TYPES AND SIMULATION; TURBULENCETHEORY, TYPES AND SIMULATION; Contents; Preface; Modeling Turbulent Mixing in the Global Ocean: Second Moment Closure Models; Abstract; 1. Introduction; 2. Second Moment Closure; 2.1. Reynolds (Ensemble) Averaged Equations; 2.2. Second Moment Closure; 2.3. Second Moment Closure for Geophysical Applications; 2.4. Conventional Shear- and Buoyancy-Driven Turbulence; 2.5. Shear-driven Turbulence with Double Diffusion; 2.5.1. Conventional Shear- and Buoyancy-driven turbulence; 2.5.2. Double diffusion.

2.5.3. Shear turbulence and double diffusion, the general case2.6. Turbulence Models; 2.6.1. One equation models; 2.6.1. Two equation models; 2.6.1.1. The model; 2.6.1.2. The q2- q2 model; 2.6.1.2. The General length scale equation: q2- model; 3. Wave-Turbulence Interactions; 4. Free Convection; 4.1. Level 3 Model; 4.2. Non-Local Models; 5. Concluding Remarks; References; On the Reliability and Performance of FSO and Hybrid FSO Communication Systems over Turbulent Channels; Abstract; 1. Introduction; 2. The Turbulent Channel; 2.1. Atmospheric Turbulence and Scintillations.

2.2. Turbulence Strength Estimation3. Reliability and Performance of the FSO Links; 3.1. Reliability and Performance Metrics; 3.2. Outage Probability; 3.3. Average Capacity; 3.4. Outage Capacity; 4. The Channel Model; 4.1. The Point to Point FSO and Hybrid FSO Link; 4.2. Outage Probability's Estimation; 4.3. Average Capacity's Estimation; 4.4. Outage Capacity's Estimation; 5. Reliability and Performance Metrics for Invariable FSO System's Parameters; 5.1. The Distribution Models; 5.2. The Log Normal Modeled Turbulent Channel; 5.3. The Gamma Gamma Modeled Turbulent Channel.

5.4. The Turbulent Channel Modeled with K-Distribution5.5. The Negative Exponential Channel; 6. Performance of Hybrid fso Communication Systems; 6.1. The Hybrid FSO Communication System; 6.2. Estimation of the Total Average Capacity; 7. Reliability and Performance of FSO Systems with Time-Varying Parameters; 7.1. Why Varying Parameters?; 7.2. Time-Varying Turbulence and Average SNR; 7.3. Turbulence and Building Sway; 8. Conclusions; References; Unsteady Turbulence in a Shock: Physical and Numerical Modelling in Tidal Bores and Hydraulic Jumps; Abstract; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Presentation.

1.2. Tidal Bores2. Turbulence Characterisation in Steady and Unsteady Flows; 2.1. Presentation; 2.2. Turbulence Properties; 2.3. Unsteady Turbulence; 3. Physical Measurements in Tidal Bores; 3.1. Presentation; Dynamic similarity and scale effects; 3.2. Physical Experiments; Turbulent velocity calculations; 3.3. Basic Observations; Discussion; 4. Numerical Modelling of Bores and Surges; 4.1. Presentation; 4.2. Numerical Modelling; Numerical validation; 4.3. Two-Dimensional Modelling; 4.4. Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation; 5. Unsteady Turbulence Properties in Surges, Bores and Jumps.

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