Understanding historical (im)politeness : relational linguistic practice over time and across cultures / edited by Marcel Bax, Dániel Z. Kádár.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

This paper is intended as an overall template of the evolution of (im)politeness. It elucidates how (linguistic) rapport management originated and developed over time, and tries to come to grips with (some of) the sociocultural factors behind such changes. Taking its point of departure in human prehistory (Section?1), the paper argues that, contrary to received wisdom, politeness and impoliteness are not two sides of the same coin (Section?2), and it discusses the dissimilar evolutionary antecedents of politeness and impoliteness (Sections 3 and 4). The paper then maps out three broad-scale di.

Understanding Historical (Im)Politeness; Editorial page; Title page; LCC data; Table of contents; The historical understanding of historical (im)politeness; 1. Linguistic (im)politeness and the quest for cultural coherences; 2. Thick understandings of past practices; 2.1 In-between medieval truths; 2.2 Face-offs beyond face value; 2.3 Sizing up the superficial: Cross-historical letter-writing matters; 3. Historical (im)politeness: Tracing trends; 3.1 Language and society: Co-developmental patterns; 3.2 Terms of address, terms of social marking

4. Making an issue of/on historical (im)politeness5. Historical (im)politeness dilemmas; 6. Making sense of the socio-relational past: An overview of this special issue; References; 'Face' across historical cultures; 1. Introduction; 2. Modernisation in Turkey and China; 2.1 The meaning of modernisation in late nineteenth-century Turkey; 2.2 The meaning of modernisation in the Chinese context; 3. 'Face' in Turkish novels; 3.1 Looking 'at' and looking 'in' someone's face; 3.2 'Face' as rights and obligations; 4. 'Face' in Chinese novels; 4.1 Chinese 'face'

4.2 Chinese 'face' as rights and obligations5. Concluding remarks; Acknowledgements; Notes; Sources; References; Nineteenth-century English politeness; 1. Introduction; 2. The rise of the individual self and the nineteenth century; 2.1 The self before the nineteenth century and causes of change; 2.2 Mid-nineteenth century individualism; 2.3 The development of the individual self and implications for politeness; 3. The rise of conventional indirect requests; 3.1 Factors relating to the development of ability-oriented conventional indirect requests

3.2 Evidence for the existence of pre-nineteenth century ability-oriented conventional indirect requests4. Investigating the rise of ability-oriented conventional indirect requests in the nineteenth century; 4.1 Evidence from the late eighteenth century; 4.2 Evidence from the nineteenth century; 4.2.1 Tracking the overall distribution of ability-oriented conventional indirect requests in the nineteenth century; 4.2.2 Clarity of requestive force of ability-oriented conventional indirect requests; 4.2.3 Genre differences

4.2.4 Outcomes from the analysis of ability-oriented conventional indirect requests in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century texts5. Conclusion; Acknowledgements; Notes; Sources; References; "[T]his most unnecessary, unjust, and disgraceful war"; 1. Context and background; 2. Sources and method; 3. Lack of truthfulness; 4. Bad conduct of the war, a hopeless situation and "insanity"; 5. Self-aggrandisement and subservience to a foreign power; 6. Private character and "extinction"; 7. Concluding observations; Acknowledgements; Note; References; A socio-cognitive approach to historical politeness

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