Recent advances in sustainable process design and optimization : with CD-ROM / editors, Dominic C.Y. Foo, Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi, Raymond R. Tan.

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This book is a compilation of the various recently developed techniques emphasizing better chemical processes and products, with state-of-the-art contributions by world-renowned leaders in process design and optimization. It covers various areas such as grass-roots design, retrofitting, continuous and batch processing, energy efficiency, separations, and pollution prevention, striking a balance between fundamental techniques and applications. The book also contains industrial applications and will serve as a good compilation of recent industrial experience for which the process design and optimization techniques were applied to enhance sustainability. Academic researchers and industrial practitioners will find this book useful as a review of systematic approaches and best practices in sustainable design and optimization of industrial processes. The book is accompanied by some electronic supplements (i.e., models and programs) for selected chapters.

Preface; List of Contributors; CONTENTS; 3.1.2 Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC); Section 1: Process Modeling; 1. Estimation of Exergy Dissipation and Cost: The Foundation for Sustainability Assessment in Process Design Authors: L.T. Fan & T. Zhang; 1 Introduction; 2 Thermodynamic Foundations; 2.1 Reference states; 2.1.1 Standard state; 2.1.2 Dead state; 2.2 Balances of mass, energy, entropy-dissipation, and available energy; 2.2.1 Mass balance; 2.2.2 Energy balance; 2.2.3 Entropy-dissipation balance; 2.2.4 Available energy balance.

2.3 First-law and second-law conservation (process) efficiencies2.4 Simple systems; 2.4.1 Thermal mixing; 2.4.1.1 Numerical illustration; 2.4.2 Biomass pyrolysis; 3 Economic Foundations; 3.1 Cost estimation; 3.1.1 External cost; 3.1.2 Internal cost; 4 Sustainability Assessment; 4.1 Sustainability potential; 4.1.1 Methodology; 4.1.1.1 Determination of alternative synthetic routes; 4.1.1.1.1. P-graph representation; 4.1.1.1.2. Axioms; 4.1.1.1.3. Algorithms; 4.1.1.2 Hierarchical assessment of the sustainability-potential of alternative synthetic routes.

4.1.1.2.1. Available energy (exergy) dissipation4.1.1.2.2. Potential profit; 4.1.1.2.3. Toxicity indices; 4.1.2 Applications; 4.2 Sustainable Process Index; 4.3 AIChE Sustainability Index (SI); 4.4 Hierarchical thermodynamic metrics; 4.4.1 Multi-scale system; 4.4.2 Aggregation hierarchy; 4.4.3 Spatial hierarchy; 5 Epilog; References; 2. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Authors: L.T. Fan & T. Zhang; 1 Phases of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); 1.1 Phase 1: Goal and scope definition; 1.2 Phase 2: Inventory analysis; 1.3 Phase 3: Impact assessment; 1.4 Phase 4: Interpretation.

2 Calculating Environmental Burdens and Impacts in LCA -- An Example3 Thermodynamic Input-Output LCA (TIO-LCA); 4 Ecologically-Based Life Cycle Assessment (Eco-LCA); References; 3. Transport Model for NanoFiltration and Reverse Osmosis System based on Irreversible Thermodynamic Author: M.F. Chong; 1 Introduction; 2 Transport Mechanistic and Irreversible Thermodynamics based Transport Models for NF and RO membranes; 3 Fundamental of Irreversible Thermodynamics in Membrane System; 4 Spiegler-Kedem Model for Single Solute System; 5 Spiegler-Kedem Model for Multiple Solute Systems.

5.1 Spiegler-Kedem model for binary solutes system5.2 Extended Spiegler-Kedem model for multiple solute systems; 5.3 Spiegler-Kedem model for multiple solutes system in differential equation form; 5.4 Kedem-Katchalsky model for binary solutes system with one impermeable solute; 5.5 Kedem-Katchalsky model for nonelectrolyte, dilute, multiple solute systems; 5.5.1 Case study 1: Binary solutes system; 5.5.2 Case study 2: Ternary solute system; 6 Process Design for Membrane Systems; 7 Conclusion; List of symbols; References.

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