Geodesy / Wolfgang Torge, Jürgen Müller.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Preface to the Fourth Edition; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Definition of geodesy; 1.2 The objective of geodesy; 1.3 Historical development of geodesy; 1.3.1 The spherical Earth model; 1.3.2 The ellipsoidal Earth model; 1.3.3 The geoid, arc measurements and national geodetic surveys; 1.3.4 Three-dimensional geodesy; 1.3.5 Four-dimensional geodesy; 1.4 Organization of geodesy, literature; 1.4.1 National organizations; 1.4.2 International collaboration; 1.4.3 Literature; 2 Reference Systems and Reference Frames; 2.1 Basic units and constants; 2.2 Time systems; 2.2.1 Atomic time, dynamical time systems.

2.2.2 Sidereal and Universal Time2.3 Reference coordinate systems: fundamentals; 2.3.1 Celestial Reference System; 2.3.2 Precession, nutation; 2.3.3 Terrestrial Reference System; 2.3.4 Polar motion, Earth rotation; 2.4 International reference systems and reference frames; 2.4.1 International Celestial Reference System and Frame; 2.4.2 International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame; 2.4.3 Transformation between celestial and terrestrial reference systems, Earth orientation parameters; 2.4.4 International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service; 2.5 Local level systems.

3 The Gravity Field of the Earth3.1 Fundamentals of gravity field theory; 3.1.1 Gravitation, gravitational potential; 3.1.2 Gravitation of a spherically symmetric Earth; 3.1.3 Properties of the gravitational potential; 3.1.4 Centrifugal acceleration, centrifugal potential; 3.1.5 Gravity acceleration, gravity potential; 3.2 Geometry of the gravity field; 3.2.1 Level surfaces and plumb lines; 3.2.2 Local gravity field representation; 3.2.3 Natural coordinates; 3.3 Spherical harmonic expansion of the gravitational potential; 3.3.1 Expansion of the reciprocal distance.

3.3.2 Expansion of the gravitational potential3.3.3 Geometrical interpretation of the surface spherical harmonics; 3.3.4 Physical interpretation of the spherical harmonic coefficients; 3.4 The geoid; 3.4.1 Definition; 3.4.2 Mean sea level; 3.4.3 The geoid as height reference surface; 3.5 Temporal gravity variations; 3.5.1 Gravitational constant, Earth rotation; 3.5.2 Tidal acceleration, tidal potential; 3.5.3 Non-tidal temporal gravity variations; 4 The Geodetic Earth Model; 4.1 The rotational ellipsoid; 4.1.1 Parameters and coordinate systems; 4.1.2 Curvature.

4.1.3 Spatial geodetic coordinates4.2 The normal gravity field; 4.2.1 The level ellipsoid, level spheroids; 4.2.2 The normal gravity field of the level ellipsoid; 4.2.3 Geometry of the normal gravity field; 4.3 Geodetic reference systems, optimum Earth model; 5 Methods of Measurement; 5.1 Atmospheric refraction; 5.1.1 Fundamentals; 5.1.2 Tropospheric refraction; 5.1.3 Ionospheric refraction; 5.2 Satellite observations; 5.2.1 Undisturbed satellite motion; 5.2.2 Perturbed satellite motion; 5.2.3 Artificial Earth satellites; 5.2.4 Direction, range and range rate (Doppler, DORIS) measurements.

The fourth edition of this textbook has been thoroughly revised in order to reflect the central role which geodesy has achieved in the past ten years. It follows the principal directions of geodesy, providing the theoretical background as well as the principles of measurement and evaluation methods.

English.

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